Considering three different climate pathways, the analysis says holding global temperature rise to 2°C by the end of the century remains possible, though increasingly challenging.

By acquiring 100% of Ventura’s outstanding shares, SED Energy Holdings would scale its business into a combined $1 billion company backed by a $1.3 billion contract backlog focused on deepwater drilling, shallow-water tender rigs, and seismic acquisition.

By integrating reservoir simulation, probabilistic seismic hazard and risk assessment, and machine learning, this study provides a practical framework for translating complex geoscientific research into evidence-based policy and field operations, achieving measurable reductions in seismic risk indicators in the Groningen gas field.