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This month's papers address one of the effects of an alkaline-surfactant-polymer flood on changes to the emulsion rheology, the conservation of flared associated gas from two onshore Tunisian fields despite high H2S and CO2 content, and minimizing HSE impacts for pipelines in the Baltic Sea.

During the design of two parallel gas pipelines from Russia to Germany through the Baltic Sea, major design changes were made to minimize project impacts, resulting in rapid approval by all five affected countries.

In this paper, the authors report results from experiments as well as modeling of water/oil-emulsion rheology that can form during alkaline/surfactant/polymer injections for enhanced recovery.

The papers offered this month cover industry's track record in the delivery of meagaprojects, use of polymer for enhanced recovery offshore, and design of a tank overflow program for protection of health and the environment.

This paper describes the project evolution, from the first study to the implementable concept of energy production using the associated gas of two onshore facilities in Tunisia. Despite complex composition, high CO2, high H2S, and relatively low quantities, a solution was developed successfully.

This paper addresses a “conceptual model” for an overfill-protection program, based on a recent industry example. Key portions of the programmatic and overfill-equipment aspects will be addressed.

The Polymer injection project on the Dalia field, a high permeability sandstone reservoir deep offshore Angola, is a world first in both surface and subsurface aspects. A phased approach was used to manage risks, along with development of new monitoring approaches.

Engineers in the oil and gas industry make tough decisions for a wide variety of issues, including risk and safety, and about design and other types of tradeoffs, as well as operational assessments.

Cost estimation for facilities depends on early concept selection and critical inputs, often complicated by uncertainty in one or more of the critical inputs. Empirical cost models and cost modeling methods using these inputs vary in degrees of scope, comprehensiveness, and robustness.

Operators are increasingly recognizing the need for a systematic assessment and management of flexible pipe integrity, but the identification of critical criteria and the means to best achieve valid and efficient inspection and monitoring (I&M) continues to evolve.