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This paper highlights the issues and challenges surrounding pipeline trenching and burial in ice-gouge environments. The current state of practice is discussed along with the technology gaps that need to be addressed.

The papers in this month's issue describe a method for optimizing separator design, impact of other chemicals on effectiveness of scale inhibitors, impact of ice movement on trenched pipelines, and use of gelled fluid to remove debris in pipelines.

This paper presents the results of tests conducted to design a fast-breaking gelled fluid for a debris-removal operation in a long, large-diameter subsea pipeline in the Asia Pacific region. where traditional pigging was not an option.

Semoga and Kaji fields experienced reservoir souring and suffered a history of calcium-carbonate (CaCO3) -scale cases before a proper scale-inhibition program was implemented. Problems with a free water knockout discovered continued scale issues, leading to investigation of the reasons.

Papers in this month's issue include a modeling methodology for integrity maintenance of pipelines, the need to include viscosity changes in transient modeling calculations and the use of computational fluid dynamics to evaluate a production separator in the North Sea.

This paper provides details of comprehensive computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) -based studies performed to overcome the separation inefficiencies experienced in a large-scale three-phase separator.

In this paper, a data-driven model is applied to derive optimum maintenance strategy for a petroleum pipeline. The model incorporates structured expert judgment to calculate the frequency of failure, considering various failure mechanisms.

This paper shows that viscosity has a significant influence on gas transient flow in pipe- and tank-leakage evaluation. This led to the development of a methodology for more reliable evaluation of gas transient flow.

In this second article of a series covering water management in hydraulic fracturing (HF) in unconventional resources, the properties and characteristics of the flowback fluids are discussed, together with the general categories of technologies that are best suited to treat them.

Earlier studies showed that the results of oil and gas megaprojects were quite similar to the results from other industries. More investigation shows a poorer track record, largely due to the poor functional integration that characterizes upstream project organizations.