zonal isolation

Many wells in the Cana-Woodford shale suffer from chronic sustained casing pressure (SCP) because of poor cement-sheath bonding.

As deeper and more complex well designs proliferate throughout oil and gas fields, well completion methods are challenged and new technologies are emerging to ensure safe, cost-efficient, and optimized completions.

One approach to refracturing involves the use of mechanical diverters such as perforation balls and rock salts, which may be useful for one stage; however, cessation of pumping operations results in these diverters falling out of the perforations or dissolving.