4D Seismic Used Effectively in Subsurface CO2 Plume Monitoring

The authors of this paper show the migration of a CO2 plume within a depleted carbonate reservoir and the expected effects of CO2 saturation and pressure buildups during injection on time lapse 4D seismic for conformance monitoring.

February 1, 2023

Journal of Petroleum Technology

Fig. 1—CO2 plume (yellow) migration in depleted reservoir (blue) after (a) 2, (b) 10, and (c) 20 years of injection.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration in depleted carbonate reservoirs requires the incorporation of comprehensive and innovative monitoring technologies. 4D time-lapse seismic is necessary for monitoring, measurement, and verification (MMV) planning to demonstrate the migration of CO₂ plumes within geological storage. An adaptive, site-specific MMV plan for monitoring CO₂ plumes is critical to minimize possible subsurface and project-integrity risks. In the complete paper, the authors explore the migration of CO₂ plumes within depleted carbonate reservoirs and the expected effects of CO₂ saturation and pressure buildups during injection on time-lapse 4D seismic for conformance monitoring.

Integrated Reservoir Dynamic Simulation

In the current study, a depleted carbonate reservoir gas field was identified for near-future CO₂ sequestration offshore Sarawak.

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