Solids production in produced fluids is an industrywide challenge, incurring major costs to operators through lost production, asset integrity, and well-intervention campaigns. The complete paper highlights solids-management technologies that are currently available and still in use topside (some of which are potentially outdated). It also identifies the amount of exposure to hazardous byproducts of produced oil and gas from these various technologies.
The complete paper also presents a new-technology case study and compares this with legacy methods and practices in terms of health, safety, and environment (HSE) risk and cost.
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)
NORM can be divided into sources that originate from the ground and those produced from the interaction of atmospheric gases with cosmic rays. The risks associated with NORM, and the solutions available to manage those risks, are not widely known in the industry. The complete paper focuses on 3 NORM, which originate from the ground.
