The oil and gas industry uses acids and oxidizers as polymer breakers in hydraulic fracturing, and triazene and glyoxal for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) mitigation. In addition to serving their intended purpose, however, these chemicals cause secondary effects such as nonspecific oxidation, acid corrosion, precipitation, and danger to oilfield personnel. This paper describes studies that confirm that enzyme-based, environmentally preferable chemistries can be used to break polymers and mitigate H2S in various systems. The biotechnology-based solutions also offer advantages such as meeting environmental regulations and reducing or eliminating secondary effects and health hazards associated with current chemical treatments.
Complexities of Current Chemical Treatments
Fluid for hydraulic fracturing operations usually consists of 99% water thickened with guar or derivatized guar polymers.
