Most liquefied natural gas (LNG) is transported by ship, creating opportunities for potential hazards to surrounding devices and the environment. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the characteristics of LNG underwater leakage and subsequent vapor flame. The paper considers transportation safety and risk evaluation for LNG, with emphasis on accidental release and vapor flame.
Introduction
The cryogenic nature of LNG, with a boiling point of -162°C, raises safety concerns with regard to vaporization gas hazards and the potential for pool fires. According to the literature devoted to LNG accidental release and spill, three puncture positions have been proposed: Category I, where the leakage point is above the water line; Category II, where the point is at or close to the water line; and Category III, where the point is below the water line.
