The production of heavy and extraheavy oil is difficult because of its rheological properties caused by high asphaltene content. Upgrading these unconventional oils requires large amounts of energy, decreasing the production’s cost-effectiveness. Nanoparticulated catalysts have been shown to improve enhanced recovery of these oils by altering their physicochemical properties, including asphaltene content. This paper presents an investigation into the effect of catalytic nanoparticles on the efficiency of recovery from continuous steam injection.
Introduction
Several in-situ techniques have been used to enhance heavy- and extraheavy-oil recovery with the objective of upgrading the oil and improving its viscosity and mobility.
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