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This paper presents the results of tests conducted to design a fast-breaking gelled fluid for a debris-removal operation in a long, large-diameter subsea pipeline in the Asia Pacific region. where traditional pigging was not an option.

Semoga and Kaji fields experienced reservoir souring and suffered a history of calcium-carbonate (CaCO3) -scale cases before a proper scale-inhibition program was implemented. Problems with a free water knockout discovered continued scale issues, leading to investigation of the reasons.

Papers in this month's issue include a modeling methodology for integrity maintenance of pipelines, the need to include viscosity changes in transient modeling calculations and the use of computational fluid dynamics to evaluate a production separator in the North Sea.

This paper provides details of comprehensive computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) -based studies performed to overcome the separation inefficiencies experienced in a large-scale three-phase separator.

In this paper, a data-driven model is applied to derive optimum maintenance strategy for a petroleum pipeline. The model incorporates structured expert judgment to calculate the frequency of failure, considering various failure mechanisms.

This paper shows that viscosity has a significant influence on gas transient flow in pipe- and tank-leakage evaluation. This led to the development of a methodology for more reliable evaluation of gas transient flow.

Paradoxical effects can exist when expanding the capacity of natural-gas-transportation networks. This paper derives conditions where it can be expected, how the effect can be masked, and provide analysis to support identification in larger-scale networks.

In gas applications with high-pressure drops and/or high-velocity gas flow, acoustic-induced vibration (AIV) occurs when very high sound levels are propagated in piping. This can induce fatigue cracking of the pipe and potentially catastrophic pipe failure.

This month's papers cover a new method to evaluate the design pressure of flowlines and risers, pipeline integrity assessment, treatment and removal of sand from pipelines, and considerations around the in-situ burning of oil on water.

Setting optimal surface separation pressures are crucial for maximizing the surface liquid production from the wellstream feed. Where separator tests are not available, empirical calculations are often used, but with limitations. A method suitable across many conditions is proposed.