This paper presents the basic concepts and architecture of the Eni Reservoir Electromagnetic Mapping (E-REMM) borehole electromagnetic (EM) mapping system that integrates borehole EM methodology with surface EM methods to provide real-time mapping of reservoir-fluid distribution during production or injection. By helping well teams know how distribution of hydrocarbons and water changes over time and space, the system addresses a fundamental requirement for managing the reservoir to maximize the recovery factor, optimize production, and reduce associated costs.
Introduction
Several approaches are currently used to map hydrocarbons and other fluids in the reservoir in real time with variable sensitivity, differences in effectiveness, and a wide range of costs. Among the various approaches, EM and electric methods show a high benefit-to-cost ratio and a high sensitivity to the resistivity contrast between oil-saturated and brine-saturated reservoir rocks. These methods can estimate variations in fluid properties at reservoir depth in a distance range of hundreds of meters, although the spatial resolution decreases significantly with the distance between sources and receivers.
