Java is the most populated island in the world and consists of many sensitive areas, include communities, fishery sites, mangroves, and recreational beaches. Pertamina has two major offshore oil and gas platform facilities near the Java Island shoreline—Pertamina Hulu Energi WMO Field and Pertamina EP Sukowati Field—that have the potential of releasing more than 100,000 bbl of crude oil into sea in case of emergency. Learning from previous oil spill events, controlling risk that could occur by establishing an effective oil spill contingency plan (OSCP) document is crucial for the company.
The OSCP starts by identifying operation activities with significant oil spill risk. Based on a WMO and Sukowati oil spill risk assessment, eight oil spill scenarios (three for the WMO Field and five for the Sukowati Field) are identified as threats with the potential of oil spills to affect sensitive area and communities. Scenarios identified are simulated in oil spill trajectory model software that involves sea current and wind to predict oil spill trajectory through different seasons of the year, resulting in a calculated estimation of time and place of oil spill impact. The OSCP includes a sensitivity map to identify resources needed. In addition to risk analysis and oil spill simulation, the OSCP includes methods and techniques to specify monitoring, evaluation, mechanical/chemical handling, and shoreline protection.
Major events identified through risk assessment include spill from a floating storage and offloading vessel, vessel collision, subsea/export pipeline rupture, and well blowout. According to field oil spill trajectory simulation, oil will reach the shoreline between 2 and 144 hours after a spill. Based on exercise and terrain assessment, the affected area could be reached in a maximum of 60 minutes (Sukowati Field scenario) or 2–3 hours (WMO Field). Each scenario is assessed for oil spill strategy based on time and place of effect, sensitivity, equipment mobilization interval, and environment involved and determines action needed to counter an oil spill’s effect. The accuracy of the OSCP document implementation and effective emergency intervention will be able to provide a promising response to control oil spill pollution.
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