Banyu Urip crude contains 26% wax, which can lead to flow-assurance challenges in a crude pipeline exposed to lower temperatures. Injection of pour-point-depressant (PPD) chemicals has been considered an effective method to ensure flow of moderate waxy crude. For the Banyu Urip field, PPD injection was compared with other methods and found to be the best option. Nevertheless, it still contributes to approximately 20% of the operating costs.
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