A type of unconventional play currently being evaluated is a carbonate source rock with nanodarcy permeability and very low porosity. This paper will discuss the hydraulic-fracturing-stimulation design, execution, and evaluation for the first successful proppant-fracturing treatment in an unconventional carbonate source rock in Saudi Arabia. The successful two-stage treatment proved that proppant-fracturing techniques could be used to stimulate carbonate formations after modifying the stimulation design (specifically, the perforation strategy, fracturing fluids, and proppant type).
Introduction
The operator has embarked on an exploration-and-appraisal project to assess unconventional-resource potential in three geographic areas: northwest, South Ghawar, and East Ghawar. Hydraulic-fracturing techniques will be used to enhance production by connecting natural fissures and creating high-connectivity pathways through which gas can flow into the well.
