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The effects of turbulence/shear and thermal driving force on wax-deposition characteristics were experimentally studied using a waxy crude oil from the Gulf of Mexico.

Technology is evolving to meet the challenges to automate water separation and purification in deepwater for environmentally safe discharge at the seabed. To solve these problems the best available solutions must be selected and the technology gaps must be identified and closed.

Tube leaks present in a water-cooled sulfur recovery unit (SRU) condenser can lead to a variety of process issues, including corrosion and the oxidative formation of acidic species. This work devised a novel method to verify such leaks within a SRU condenser.

A new methodology for oil/water horizontal pipe separator (HPS) design and performance prediction is developed. Separator diameter is determined on the basis of oil/water flow-pattern prediction. A batch separator model is adopted and modified to predict the separator length for desired quality.

Papers this month cover numerical modeling of a horizontal pipe separator, stress fatigue cracking in pipelines due to accoustic vibration, application of traffic design to pipeline systems, and optimization of separator operating pressures.

This paper highlights the issues and challenges surrounding pipeline trenching and burial in ice-gouge environments. The current state of practice is discussed along with the technology gaps that need to be addressed.

The papers in this month's issue describe a method for optimizing separator design, impact of other chemicals on effectiveness of scale inhibitors, impact of ice movement on trenched pipelines, and use of gelled fluid to remove debris in pipelines.

This paper presents the results of tests conducted to design a fast-breaking gelled fluid for a debris-removal operation in a long, large-diameter subsea pipeline in the Asia Pacific region. where traditional pigging was not an option.

Semoga and Kaji fields experienced reservoir souring and suffered a history of calcium-carbonate (CaCO3) -scale cases before a proper scale-inhibition program was implemented. Problems with a free water knockout discovered continued scale issues, leading to investigation of the reasons.

Papers in this month's issue include a modeling methodology for integrity maintenance of pipelines, the need to include viscosity changes in transient modeling calculations and the use of computational fluid dynamics to evaluate a production separator in the North Sea.