LNG
War‑related infrastructure damage is beginning to influence global energy supply chains in ways that could reshape project development and capacity growth.
The global oil and gas industry is reimagining natural gas processing and handling in response to environmental pressures, economic realities, and technological opportunities. The predominant narrative is one of transition.
This paper describes the operator’s initiative to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions and recover additional hydrocarbon, monetizing it as sales gas, by integrating upstream and downstream gas facilities in a unified approach.
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The constraints of space and seaworthiness required the designers of Shell’s joint-venture floating-liquefied-natural-gas (FLNG) facility to assemble these technologies in novel configurations. -
Conventional wisdom implies that natural-gas demand will continue to grow, especially in locations where coal is being phased out, nuclear growth has slowed/reversed, and renewables remain a small and intermittent energy source for the foreseeable future.
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Floating LNG (FLNG) units have a higher risk of explosion than onshore plants because of the limited and congested environment on the ship. This paper focuses on proper design to address this hazard.
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This paper provides a benchmarking of different cryogenic tanks in terms of operation life and type of containment (single- vs. double-containment tanks) in the LNG industry. The different options adopted to recertify these tanks are covered.
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Carbon-molecular-sieve membranes (CMSMs) are a promising candidate for natural-gas purification because of their excellent stability, permeation selectivity, and permeability.
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Small- and medium-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) is different from conventional LNG in trading distances, target markets, and application areas. Small- and medium-scale LNG may better coordinate needs between regional gas producers and consumers.
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Among the top 10 largest discoveries in 2013, half of them are natural-gas discoveries and all of them are in offshore environments, primarily in Africa, Far East Asia, and transcontinental countries, with estimated resources of more than 4,000 million BOE.
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There are already many floating liquefied-natural-gas (LNG) receiving terminals operating successfully in the world. The economics of floating LNG (FLNG) is compelling. Major cost savings can be achieved by the streamlining allowed by FLNG processes.
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Growing world demand for natural gas will drive increases in capital expenditures on LNG through 2019.
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Roughly one-half of global gas reserves are considered stranded gas--uneconomical because of the remote location of potential markets, lack of economic transportation and infrastructure, or the lack of conversion technology. An FPSO with gas to liquids conversion is an option for stranded gas.
