Flow assurance

The authors of this paper describe a project to develop a virtual sensor to monitor the cooling effect downstream of a subsea choke to avoid hydrate plugs during cold-start operations.
Subject-matter experts from industry and academia advanced distributed fiber-optic sensing technologies and their implementation in flow measurement during a special session.
This study investigates hydrate formation in a water-alternating-gas injection well under water-to-gas and gas-to-water changeover operations.

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